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Terms related to the Romanization of Normandy at the early stages of a new provincial organizations deserve the attention and scrutiny due to the different nature of the adaptation patterns, from the capital on distant north to the area of Mediterranean Gaul. Differences were already well presented to view in Caesar’s ‘Gallic Wars’. This dissident situation in northern Gaul refers to the practical...
Next to Edessa, Palmyra was the only example of a city in the Roman Syria where the local Aramaic dialect has never gone out of use, nor has it been displaced in inscriptions. The epigraphic material from Palmyra consists in fact of a large corpus of inscriptions. Interestingly, most of them are associated with local sepulchral art. They were typically placed on the limestone slabs decorated in high...
Terracotta figurines are one of the few iconographical sources available for the study of equids, their breeding and exploitation in Northern Mesopotamia in the third and first half of the second millennium BC. However, the insights offered by this category of artifacts have largely been unrecognized by scholars, what is particularly conspicuous in the Khabur River basin, where equid figurines are...
The article explores the meaning of the presence of evidently reused objects in the hermitage installed in the Theban tomb MMA 1152. These objects could not have been deposited there accidentally, because the hermitage is off the beaten track and at fairly elevated height, hence anything ‘dropped’ inside it must have been brought there on purpose. There is much to say that the monks collected these...
The article is a publication of the decoration fragment coming from an unknown sacral building from Elephantine. The scene preserved in the lower register represents Ptolemy VI Philometor making and offering to Petempamentes, Petensetis and Petensenis. The three gods, known from I.Th.Sy. 303 stele, who have been the subject of scientific discussion for years, appear here all together in one scene...
The so-called area 13c is located in the town centre of modern Aswan (ancient Syene) in Upper Egypt and was excavated in 2005. During this excavation not only a housing chronology from the late Ptolemaic period up to the late Roman period was documented; among others an ensemble of three brooches, a hinged buckle and a pendant probably from a horse harness were found. In fact, these bronze findings...
The primary goal of this paper is a detailed publication of the little known mizwala munharifa (vertical sundial), still preserved on the madrasa belonging to the funerary complex of the Sultan Al-Ashraf Inal (no. 158), on the so-called Cairo North Cemetery. This sundial, dating back to Rabi I, year 871 [AH] – i.e. 11.10.-09.11.1466 AD – is a work of the otherwise unknown ‘poor Hassan al-Tayybi’,...
The red granite fragmentary bust (Egyptian Museum in Cairo – CG 38104, JE 27856), coming from the Temple of Ptah in Memphis, is believed to be part of a statue of Ramesses II. However, owing to the fact that the fragment is unepigraphic and much eroded, this identification has to remain a hypothetical one. A detailed examination of iconographical and stylistic features of the statue leads the author...
In the Late Antiquity, the so-called cross-bow type fibulae (Germ. Zwiebelknopffibeln), finger-rings, and richly embroidered ceremonial garments (tunica and chlamys) equipped with elaborately decorated belts (baltei, cinguli), in addition to luxurious silver plates (missoria) and ivory consular diptychs constitute an indispensable element of the imperial system of gift-giving, so-called largitio,...
During the research led by the European Institute for Underwater Archaeology at Heracleion a huge statue of black diorite was found on the site of the Temple. Preserved in four parts, the sculpture is nearly complete (2.20m). It represents a woman standing, with arms on her sides down and slightly forward. In her left hand she hold the sign ankh and on the chest of her garment she bears the ‘knot...
Architectural research within the area of the Third Cataract was conducted as a part of the rescue survey project the erection of a new dam on the Nile. The research concentrated on two fortresses situated on the left bank, in the vicinity of two modern settlements – Shofein and Marakul. The research was extended to embrace also two fortresses located in the Southern Dongola Reach, namely Bahit and...
The paper attempts to show the chronology, regional distribution and function of notched animal scapulae (shoulder blades). Before the Iron Age, notched animal scapulae appear only sporadically in the southern Levant: in the Upper Palaeolithic Hayonim Cave; at Neolithic Atlit Yam and Jericho; and at the Chalcolithic site of Tell Turmus, and they are totally absent in the Bronze Age sites. Notched...
In the introduction, the question of how deeply the fortifications are connected to the surrounding external context and how far analysis of this feature can provide answers on the fortifications themselves is raised. Our deliberations are based on the analysis of the fortifications at Abu Sideir (AS), Abu Mereikh (AM) B and C in the Fifth Nile Cataract region. Initially, it seems as though these...
The temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari, although a unique and innovative monument, is firmly settled in the earlier tradition. Its architecture, relief decoration, statuary program and texts, bear direct or indirect references to the past. The Old and Middle Kingdom ideas, patterns and motifs may be traced on various levels, in the overall structure as well as in details. Sometimes the direct...
During documentation of the offering scenes decorating the Chapel of Hatshepsut (the so-called Southern Hall of Offerings) in the mortuary temple of the queen at Deir el-Bahari, on some vessels represented among piled offerings on the upper part of its north wall, deep gouges typical for the iconoclasm of the Amarna period have been observed. Closer examination revealed similar traces of deliberate...
In the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari, a representation of a nome procession covers one of the walls of the small, open courtyard in the Royal Cult Complex. Using analogical scenes preserved in other temples, the paper reconstructs the order of nome personifications depicted in the said procession. It further delves into the nature of this type of representation and its significance for the...
New data concerning an Old Kingdom official responsible for foreign expeditions are analysed in the paper. Textual evidence found in 2012 in the tomb of Ikhi/Mery in Saqqara provides a basis for more precise dating of the professional activity of the tomb owner, but also gives an insight into some aspects of functioning of the bureaucracy during the late Old Kingdom. Last but not least the architecture...
The small room with a window situated in the south-east corner of the Upper Terrace of the Hatshepsut Temple at Deir el-Bahari has been interpreted by scholars to be either a slaughterhouse or a temple palace of the female pharaoh. Considering the axes of the Temple, the meaning assigned to the southern direction in connection with the solar theology, as well as the relief decoration preserved around...
In this article the author presents the repertoire of glass vessels found during excavations carried out in the so-called Hellenistic House in Nea Paphos at Cyprus. Field works in this area have been lead by the Polish Mission in the years 1986–1997 and 2007–2009. The paper supplies at first, in a form of a short table an overview of excavation in the Hellenistic House (HH). Next comes a catalogue...
The article deals with the position of Senwosret I in the royal ideology of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. Innovations introduced by this king to the architecture, as well as new motifs of decoration that appeared for the first time during the reign of Senwosret I, were not copied by other rulers for a long time. The Thutmoside co-regents were the first to reproduce or to exploit them purposely in their...
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